Goal 12 Facts and Figures

Goal 12 is about ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns, which is key to sustain the livelihoods of current and future generations.

Unsustainable patterns of consumption and production are root causes of the triple planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. These crises, and related environmental degradation, threaten human well-being and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Governments and all citizens should work together to improve resource efficiency, reduce waste and pollution, and shape a new circular economy.

Facts and Figures  | Goal 12 Target | Links

·      From 2000 to 2019, total domestic material consumption rose by more than 65 per cent globally, amounting to 95.1 billion metric tons in 2019.

·      During this period, Eastern and South-Eastern Asia showed the steepest rise in domestic material consumption, from 31 per cent in 2000 to 43 per cent in 2019.

·      In 2020, an estimated 13.3 per cent of the world’s food was lost after harvesting and before reaching retail markets.

·      An estimated 17 per cent of total food available to consumers (931 million metric tons) is wasted at household, food service and retail levels.

·      Food that ends up in landfills generates 8 to 10 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

·      In 2019, the amount of e-waste generated globally was 7.3 kilograms per capita, out of which only 1.7 kilograms was managed in an environmentally sound way.

·      E-waste collection rates are relatively high in high-income countries but are much lower in low- and middle-income countries – only 1.6 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa and 1.2 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean.

·      The capacity of developing countries to generate electricity from renewable sources has soared over the last decade, from 109.7 watts per capita in 2011 to 245.7 watts per capita in 2020.

·      Renewables represent over a third (36.1 per cent) of developing countries’ total electricity-generating capacity.

·      From 2015 to 2020, the compound annual growth rate of renewable energy in developing countries was 9.5 per cent versus 5.2 per cent and 2.4 per cent, respectively, for least developed countries and landlocked developing countries.

·      In 2020, governments spent $375 billion on subsidies and other support for fossil fuels.

·      Around 90 per cent of countries report that education for sustainable development and global citizenship education are at least partially mainstreamed in national education laws and policies, curricula, teacher education or student assessments in primary and secondary school.

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